Rāmānuja
c. 1017 CE – 1137 CElived
Sriperumbudur, Chola empire
- Viśiṣṭādvaita
Answered Śaṅkara by arguing that the world and selves are real and are the body of God, not an illusion to be seen through. Made devotion philosophically respectable.
Known for
- qualified non-dualism
- the world as God’s body
- bhakti as knowledge
Dates are estimates. A great deal of what this atlas covers is only datable to within a century.